Piaget, Bandura, Bowbly and Vygotsky - 1850 Words

Piaget, Bandura, Bowbly and Vygotsky Development is about the customary way that a child acts (Bruce Meggit, 2006). Child development is multidisciplinary. Several researches have put forward theories on the way children developed. These can be divided into the psychoanalytical theories, the learning theories, and the cognitive development theories. In this assignment, I will explain a number of these theories by showing what the theorists had developed. Jean Piaget: (Cognitive-development theory) Jean Piaget was a psychologist and was best known for his work on the development of intelligence in children. His studies have had a major impact on he fields of child psychology and education. One of the most important theories in†¦show more content†¦Egocentrism is lost. As physical experience accumulates, accommodation is increased. The child begins to think abstractly and conceptualize, creating logical structures that explain his or her physical experiences. 4th Stage: Formal operational period (11years and up) Cognition reaches its final form. By this stage, the person no longer requires concrete objects to make rational judgements. He or she is capable of deductive and hypothetical reasoning. His or her ability for abstract thinking is very similar to an adult. Albert Bandura Albert Bandura is most known for his work on the Social Learning Theory were he affirmed that learning does not occur only be reinforcement but also by observation and modelling. Bandura’ s Theory states that social behaviour is learned. He argues that learning does not always require direct reinforcement. His theory emphasises that young children learn by imitating and watching other people. Children will imitate both positive and negative behaviour. The people children imitate are considered by them as being people of status; people that hold power (Bruce Meggit, 2006). The Social Learning Theory of Bandura emphasises the importance of observing and modelling the behaviours, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others. Bandura (1977) stated that â€Å"Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not tom mention hazardous, if people had

Social Psychology Perspectives in the Movie Shrek

Kelly Scipione Social Psychology Social Psychological Principles Social Psychological Principles in the Movie Shrek (2001) For most people, movies are made for entertainment. However, there are also movies that go beyond merely entertaining its audience. There are films that have been created making use of psychological principles, which enrich the movie-viewing experience of audiences. This paper will focus on the movie Shrek, which was released in 2001, directed by Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson. Shrek tells the story of a green ogre named Shrek and a princess named Fiona. Shrek was feared by all the people in the town of Duloc. He lived alone in a swamp, which he one day found to be swamped with fairy tale creatures. The fairy†¦show more content†¦Shrek told the donkey about the prejudice of people toward him. He told the donkey that people judge him even before they get to know him. People see him as a big, stupid ogre who will eat them. And for this reason, he doesn’t want to get close to anyone. The people of Duloc are prejudiced against Shrek because of how he looks, which is similar to how certain people are prejudiced based on the color of their skin. Prejudice is also shown in the movie when Shrek goes to the town of Duloc and a man wearing a big head gear sees him and runs away because he is an ogre. The man thinks that Shrek will eat him so he ran away. Lord Farquaad has prejudice against magical creatures. This is shown when he has ordered that the magical creatures be exiled to the forest. This action also illustrates the discrimination that the magical creatures experienced due to Lord Farquaad’s personal prejudices. The magical creatures were showed to be treated like criminals, taken into carts and placed in cages. Furthermore, Lord Farquaad also has prejudice against ogres. He identifies and calls Shrek as â€Å"it†, connoting that he thinks of himself as superior to an ogre like Shrek. And when Fiona first meets Farquaad, she was explaining that she is just saying goodbye to Shrek, Lord Farquaad told her not to waste time on Shrek because it doesn’t have any feelings. When Fiona turned into an ogre on herShow MoreRelatedPersonality Analysis : Shrek Essay1715 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent perspectives is important because it affects how we think and behave towards others. In the movie Shrek (2001), vie wers are introduced to four main characters who all contrast in personalities. Various psychological approaches can be applied to any of these characters, but in this paper, the characters Shrek and Fiona will be analyzed through the humanistic theory and psychoanalytic theory, respectively. According to David C Funder - The Personality Puzzle, â€Å"humanistic psychology is based

Formal and Informal Learning System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Formal and Informal Learning System. Answer: Introduction In todays scenario the organization relies on the performance of employees. The organizations workplace environment majorly impacts the performance level of employees. The major factors that the employees must have to increase their performance are their interpersonal desire, both emotionally and physically. The proper workplace environment for employees will help them to present in the office hours regularly and increase their performance and productivity in todays competitive scenario (Abbas et al., 2014). The factors which influence the workplace environment are physical environment, psychosocial factors and balance of work life. However, there are factors which negatively affects the performance of employees and they are improper infrastructure, dirty places, negligence by the upper management and others. How work environment effects employees performance? What are the factors that enhances employees productivity? The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of workplace environment on employees performance with emphasis on factors of working environment and employees performance. Conceptual Framework The physical environment majorly influence the behaviors and performance of the employees. The aspects of physical environment comprises of surrounding functionality and spatial layout that impacts the employees performance (Deery Jago, 2015). The spatial layout aspect is described as the layout of the of the work environment infrastructure such as arrangement of equipment, machinery and furnishings, and their shape and size. The spatial layout influences the conversation between the employees. The functionality is the other aspect that is described as the ability of the spatial layout to facilitate performance and achievements of the objectives. The physical environment of the workplace consists however, not limited to the satisfaction level, heating, ventilation and lighting (Lu et al., 2014). The broader perspective is to provide better office layout and impressive decors to improve the employees experience and thus better performance. The better space management and formal seati ng arrangements like chairs placed front-to-front encourages social interaction. This shows that employees will be more engaged in the working environment leading to better performance. The factor that is considered a predominant issues in workplace environment is psychosocial factor. The psychosocial factors refers to the communication between the working conditions and environment, functions, effort, family members and individual person (Reb, Narayanan Chaturvedi, 2014). The psychosocial factors consist of six major areas. This major areas are workload management, personal control of an individual over the job, a clear role and superiors and colleagues support. The other two are positive work relations, control over sense in the changing environment of workplace. The individual association of a person with the working environment helps to lower the stress level (De Been Beijer, 2014). The employees behavioral factors affects the performance of employees as it can lead to the varied nature and function of changes in job satisfaction. The job satisfaction is another factor that affects the individuals performance. The other factors of that positively or negatively impact the performance of employees are support from supervisor, styles of leadership and role consistency. The style of furnishings, dcor and physical symbols can be served as a symbolic feature to enhance performance of employees. The balance of work life is necessary to improve the performance of employees. The precise definition of work life balance is that the individuals spending adequate time at their jobs as well as in their personal life such as family and friends (Schilpzand, De Pater Erez, 2016). The balance of work life is an important need for an individual to have satisfied and better functioning at work and at home. This is required to balance emotional, temporal and behavior demands of responsibilities for self and family. The aspects to measure the balance of work life are conflicts or work life and extracurricular (Dane Brummel, 2014). The employees if unable to achieve balance in work life and personal life then this can result in decreasing performance of employees. The factors that helps to achieve better work life balance are part-time work and flexibility of work. The other criteria to measure the work life balance are as follows. The first criteria is extent to which employees feel sati sfied and successful in balancing their life both in terms of personal and work. The second criteria is the extent to which an individual faces conflict in balancing personal life and work life. Theory of foundation There are many theories that has been explained regarding the relationship between employees performance and workplace environment. The two factors which perfectly describes this study are Herzberg Two Factor Theory and Affective Events Theory. The Herzberg Two Factor Theory was introduced in 1959 by Frederick Herzberg. This theory explains the relation between employee performance and workplace environment. The two factors defined by Herzberg to decide the employees performance levels, work attitudes and hygiene factors. Herzberg states that intrinsic factor is considered as motivation factors which will maximize job satisfaction of employees. The extrinsic factor is considered as hygiene factors that prevent dissatisfaction of any employee. The theory of Herzberg states that improving the workplace environment helps to improve the performance of employees and motivates them to perform better (Alshmemri, Shahwan-Akl Maude, 2017). The major concentration of Herzberg is on the necessity of internal job factors that influence employees and motivate them to perform better. According to Herzberg, the opportunity for employees is to do planning, performing and assessing their work. The theory of Herzberg is considered to best f or motivating employees by intrinsic factors than any other factors. However, there are different opinions proposed by other scholars that the first two versions are not appropriate. The two versions of Herzberg Theory are not valid or supported by any proof of study according to other scholars. However, the two version does support the theory as all the theory has been outstandingly working without any disapproval (Manuti et al., 2015). The changing environment poses different requirements and hence, developing new methods for analysis will go long in the future. The Affective Events Theory was introduced in 1996 by Howard M. Weiss and Russel Cropanzo. This theory explains the relationship between internal influences of employees and their response to the events that occur in the work place environment, affecting their job satisfaction, performance and commitment to organization. The theory proposes that positive and negative incidents at workplace influences psychological impact on job satisfaction of employees. This results into long lasting reactions through satisfaction of jobs, employees performance and commitment to organization. The Affective Events Theory triggers affective responses among the employees and these responses influence workplace environment behavior and cognition (Cropanzano Dasborough, 2015). The Affective Events Theory is however, restricted to the events that occur internally in an organization. The theory considers the specific events and how they lead to behavioral and emotional responses in workplace environment. Factors of workplace environment The factors of workplace environment that may influence workplace environment positively or negatively to achieve maximum performance of employees. The factors are physical factors, workplace rewards, leadership or management style, training and development and balance of work life (Yoerger, Crowe Allen, 2015). The first factor is physical factors that include are infrastructure and arrangements of office equipment and materials. This factor gives comfort and hence leads to better performance of employees. The second factor is workplace rewards factors can be intrinsic or extrinsic. The intrinsic rewards are attaining their projects or completion of task whereas extrinsic rewards are pay, work condition, benefits fringe and security (Caruso, 2014). The third factor is reward factor influences the employee performance by helping them to enhance their skills and knowledge. This will help to motivate employees to increase their productivity. The fourth factor is leadership or managemen t styles factors where the leadership style of every manager has a noteworthy impact on staffs morale. The morale is an essential aspect in the performance of employees. The leadership styles such as motivational, influential and others affects the employees performance in terms of stress, job satisfaction and others (Leroy et al., 2015). Thus proper leadership style from the managers is necessary so that it cannot affect employees morale and help them to improve their performance. Factors affecting performance of employee The factors affecting the performance of employees individually and collectively can have either negative or positive impact. The factors for employee performance are motivation, culture of organization and commitment to organization (Hirsch, 2017). The first factor is motivation factor that encourages a persons desire to engage in organizational activity to increase their work performance. The motivation factors has two aspects and they are intrinsic and extrinsic. The intrinsic aspects are responsibility, developing skills, challenges in work, act of freedom and others (Shuck Reio Jr, 2014). The extrinsic aspects are monetary terms such as salary, promotion and benefits. The second factors is culture of organization where expected and acceptable organizational behaviors enhance the performance of employees. The third factor is commitment to organization where employee is bound to the rules and regulation of the organization where the employees are committed to their work. There have been various studies done in the past to show that environment of workplace has either positive or negative impact on employees performance. The workplace environment is perceived as environment where the employees will stay in the organization for long (Paill et al., 2014). This can be done only when the organization fulfil their social, extrinsic and intrinsic needs. Hence, the workplace environment has major role to impact employees performance. The secondary data collected from Forbes and CNBC, to find the effect of workplace environment on employees performance, factors affecting employees performance and factors of workplace environment. On Forbes website, the impact of physical workspace on employee performance have been provided with various ways to enhance workspace (Morgan, 2015). The four key areas identified are focus, collaboration, learning and socializing. The physical workspace requirement are small meeting rooms, co-working cafes and others. The CNBC website provides survey of workplace effect on employee which shows that 58% of employees require private spaces for solving problems (Belk, 2017). The other finding is that 54% of employees find their workplace environment distracting. This articles will be used to further to find out the needs and requirements of employees and what are their perspectives of an ideal workplace environment. The survey will help to understand the growing concerns of employees for th eir workplace environment and how to achieve an ideal workplace. From secondary data, we get information on what are the factors that impact the performance of employees in workplace environment. It shows that along with infrastructure of workplace, impact of surrounding people also helps to boost performance. The other finding is that employees need more privacy in workplace and lack of privacy affect their performance. The comparison for data from secondary sources and the findings from this research paper are as follows. The data collected from secondary data shows the analysis of employees and workplace environment in the current competitive scenario in a practical way. However, the findings of this report shows the analysis through theoretical factors and the more general factors for employees performance and workplace environment. The secondary data is practical as per the current organizational structures and functions whereas the research finding are theoretical and more general that has been from the past years. Gantt Chart Task Start Date End Date Duration (in days) Project Proposal 06/04/2018 26/04/2018 20 Literature Review 26/04/2018 13/05/2018 18 Data Collection 13/05/2018 19/05/2018 4 Data Analysis 19/05/2018 01/06/2018 12 Submission of final report 01/06/2018 21/06/2018 20 References Abbas, M., Raja, U., Darr, W., Bouckenooghe, D. (2014). Combined effects of perceived politics and psychological capital on job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and performance.Journal of Management,40(7), 1813-1830. Alshmemri, M., Shahwan-Akl, L., Maude, P. (2017). Herzbergs two-factor theory.Life Science Journal,14(5). Belk, W. (2017).58% of high-performance employees say they need more quiet work spaces.CNBC. Retrieved 6 April 2018, from https://www.cnbc.com/2017/03/15/58-of-high-performance-employees-say-they-need-more-quiet-work-spaces.html Caruso, C. C. (2014). Negative impacts of shiftwork and long work hours.Rehabilitation Nursing,39(1), 16-25. Cropanzano, R., Dasborough, M. T. (2015). Dynamic models of well-being: Implications of affective events theory for expanding current views on personality and climate.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,24(6), 844-847. Dane, E., Brummel, B. J. (2014). Examining workplace mindfulness and its relations to job performance and turnover intention.Human Relations,67(1), 105-128. De Been, I., Beijer, M. (2014). The influence of office type on satisfaction and perceived productivity support.Journal of Facilities Management,12(2), 142-157. Deery, M., Jago, L. (2015). Revisiting talent management, work-life balance and retention strategies.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,27(3), 453-472. Hirsch, B. T. (2017). What do unions do for economic performance?. InWhat do unions do?(pp. 201-245). Routledge. Leroy, H., Anseel, F., Gardner, W. L., Sels, L. (2015). Authentic leadership, authentic followership, basic need satisfaction, and work role performance: A cross-level study.Journal of Management,41(6), 1677-1697. Lu, C. Q., Wang, H. J., Lu, J. J., Du, D. Y., Bakker, A. B. (2014). Does work engagement increase personjob fit? The role of job crafting and job insecurity.Journal of Vocational Behavior,84(2), 142-152. Manuti, A., Pastore, S., Scardigno, A. F., Giancaspro, M. L., Morciano, D. (2015). Formal and informal learning in the workplace: a research review.International journal of training and development,19(1), 1-17. Morgan, J. (2015).Forbes Welcome.Forbes.com. Retrieved 6 April 2018, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/jacobmorgan/2015/12/03/how-the-physical-workspace-impacts-the-employee-experience/#6421d6eb779e Paill, P., Chen, Y., Boiral, O., Jin, J. (2014). The impact of human resource management on environmental performance: An employee-level study.Journal of Business Ethics,121(3), 451-466. Reb, J., Narayanan, J., Chaturvedi, S. (2014). Leading mindfully: Two studies on the influence of supervisor trait mindfulness on employee well-being and performance.Mindfulness,5(1), 36-45. Schilpzand, P., De Pater, I. E., Erez, A. (2016). Workplace incivility: A review of the literature and agenda for future research.Journal of Organizational Behavior,37(S1). Shuck, B., Reio Jr, T. G. (2014). Employee engagement and well-being: A moderation model and implications for practice.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,21(1), 43-58. Yoerger, M., Crowe, J., Allen, J. A. (2015). Participate or else!: The effect of participation in decision-making in meetings on employee engagement.Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research,67(1), 65.

Linguistics - Style Shifting free essay sample

To egging with I will summaries the project, its aims and objectives, and very briefly explain style shifting, which I will later build on by explaining some previous research into the topic. I will then describe the methodology used for the investigation and finally report any findings from the project as well as build conclusions by discussing any issues, problems and successes from the investigation and suggest some ideas for future research. Summary of the Project Style-shifting refers to the way in which people change the way they speak depending on the context of the speech.The language that people use is often distinctive and seen to be appropriate for particular situations. In other words, the use of a certain way of speaking has an appropriate time and place in which it is spoken and to particular people to which it is spoken to. For example, if you were to analyses the speech between a politician and a close friend the language style would be far different to say, the style of language they use in a speech to a group of voters in an electorate. We will write a custom essay sample on Linguistics Style Shifting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The situation in which a type of language is found can usually be seen as appropriate or inappropriate to the style of language used. It would not be seen as appropriate for a politician to speak in a style that is overly casual by Joking and swearing while telling a speech to parliament and, on the other hand, when speaking to a close friend or family member it may be seen as over the top or impersonal to speak overly formal when it is Just a casual conversation. To study style-shifting I chose to analyses my own everyday speech and apply previous approaches to style to identify any style-shifting within my own language in an attempt to understand when, where and why I choose to speak in particular styles. Using three different approaches from previous research including the attention to speech approach, the audience-design model and the speaker design model I have discovered some interesting findings.Aims and objectives The aims of this project are to apply previous theories of style-shifting in linguistics to look at my own personal speech. To narrow it down I focused on identifying style shifts within my own conversations and attempted to find reasons or causes for these shifts by using previous studies which identify causes and applying them to my discourse analyses. As my objective is to only analyses my own speech rather than there it is impossible to confidently generalist any findings to all people but many of the findings could be se en to generally apply to many other people.Literature review There have been a number of approaches to style in linguistics that have attempted to explain why style-shifting occurs in speech. Labor approached style as attention paid to speech. For this approach Labor believed that style could be placed along a single dimension and measured by the amount of attention paid to ones own speech (2001:7). This single continuum was thought to place the vernacular, I. E. The most usual speech, as it is the earliest acquired and most commonly used, at one extreme, with the other extreme being a highly formal style of speech.Examples of casual speech may be recorded in contexts such as extended or emotional narratives or conversations among peers and Labor found channel cues which act as elements to identify casual speech, such as laughter, increased tempo, raised pitch and heavier breathing. A formal context can be defined as where more than the minimal attention is paid to speech (1984:29) and examples of common formal contexts include responses to interview questions or when in a speech condition to an audience.With his style as attention to speech approach Labor reported that social class distinctions tend to be preserved in ea ch speech style and also the slope of style-shifting tends to be identical across social classes (1984:29). This approach also found that patterns of variation in casual, vernacular speech give a truer picture of linguistic changes in progress than formal speech does as formal speech tends to be conservative or distorted (1984:29). Bell later proposed another approach which was an audience-design model of style shifting.This model assumes that speakers adjust heir speech primarily towards that of their audience in order to express commonality or intimacy with them, or conversely away from their audiences speech in order to express distance (2001:7) Bells model elaborates a categorization of audience members: Addressees are those who are directly addressed, approved participants Auditors are not directly addressed, but are approved participants Overhears are non-approved listeners of whom the speaker is aware Eavesdroppers are non-approved listeners of whom the speaker is unaware, Referees are non-present groups with whom speakers attempt to identify while they re speaking to addressees, e tc. Bell believed that the main reason for style-shifting is the speakers attempt to gain the audiences approval. Style-shifts are thus mainly responses to features of the context, including the audience (2001:6) This approach found that not all audience members are equally important.Their importance is proportional to the degree to which the speaker recognizes them. The model also found that speakers typically make subtle adjustments of style for a range of different addressees, and too lesser degree for other types of audience members. A ore recent approach to style-shifting is called speaker design which works to break down the original dichotomy between social and stylistic variation since the projection of ones identity includes both its permanent aspects as well as momentary ones. The main focus of this approach is the idea that identity is dynamic. This means that speakers project different roles in different circumstances.The interaction of the desire to project identity with the recognition that audiences differ, means that it is not a purely individual occurrence, but rather a relational one 2001:7) This approach assumes that all speech is performance and that all style- shifts involve adopting roles which contradicts earlier approaches that believe the vernacular is the most natural and does not require speakers to put on roles. Methodology In order to collect data for this investigation I recorded a number of conversations in which I was a part. I chose to analyses two different mediums including face-to -face spoken conversations between myself with both people I know as well as people I didnt know. The other medium I thought to be appropriate was e-mails and social networking site messages. Social networking websites have become incredibly popular since the previous approaches to style-shifting originated so I found it very interesting identifying styles of language used on the social network of Backbone.This led to some interesting observations and findings that are unique to written discourse. Examples of people that I was familiar with included friends, housemates and family members. People that I did not know included customers at my own work, putting me in the store assistant role, as well as store assistants in other businesses, putting me in the customer role. Findings To begin with I found that the style of language used certainly depends on the mode (I. E. The medium) whether it be spoken or written. For written discourse I believe that more time can be used to think about what we are going to say so we can consciously decide the style of language that we are going to use.For an e-mail or letter for example people have time to plan what they have to say and if it is a friendly, casual e-mail or letter then not much time needs to be put into ensuring that the language is appropriate. On the other hand if the e-mail or letter is intended for say a boss, a equines or an organization you would expect that the sender would adopt a rather formal style of language to ensure that they are taken seriously and to keep it appropriate. Within conversation style-shifting may occur if an authority figure replies to a formal e-mail or letter in a rather casual manner which will often prompt the original sender to relax and adopt a casual register as well. Written Discourse I chose to look at two very different written conversations between myself and others.The first example is a conversation between me and a student liaison officer at university (Extract 3). As I was unfamiliar with the recipient my language can be seen as reasonably formal and polite as I am requesting some information and advice about future studies. The use of Dear Carmen to begin the e-mail is unique of written discourse as you would not expect to begin a spoken conversation like this. This opening can be seen as polite, and appropriate as it is an expected way of beginning a formal e-mail. The e-mail ends with a very formal register as I write that I would greatly appreciate her assistance. This type of style can be seen as appropriate for the addressee, the mode and the context of the conversation.By cooking at this e-mail alone we can apply the three approaches of style in saying that I paved a great deal of attention to my speech to ensure that it was appropriate, I adopted a formal register to get the approval of the audience, and I also chose to speak formally as I adopted a certain role of a student showing respect for an authority figure. In contrast to this set of e-mail, the next example shows a very casual register that I used in an exchange of e-mails between myself and a friend traveling overseas (Extract 4). This entire conversation is very relaxed and casual suggesting that we are speaking in the vernacular. The use of nicknames, such as Hey Travels, Marge, Harsh, Huzzah and Floozy all help to keep the conversation casual and lighthearted.The use of cursing within the e-mail is seen as appropriate and also shows that the conversation is very casual as no offence would be taken, whereas swearing in the above example of an e-mail to an authority figure may be seen as highly inappropriate. Abbreviations and lack of care with spelling show that the language is closer to the vernacular, in that it is more like everyday speech and less attention is being paid to speech, this is how you would look at it if you adopted Labors approach to style. Using Bells approach to style you can see that I have adjusted my speech primarily towards that of the audience (I. E. A friend) in order to express commonality or intimacy with them.The speaker-design approach would view my speech within this e-mail as simply adopting a role of say a close friend Just speaking comfortably within having to worry about of fending anyone or undermining authority. Spoken Discourse I next chose to analyses spoken discourse and recorded two similar conversations but with myself adopting two opposite roles. The first extract (Extract 1) is from a cording of my own speech at work as a store assistant welcoming customers into a furniture store. The language I use is rather formal and polite as you can see from the underlined phrases such as thank-you and youre welcome. The reason for this is that people expect to be spoken to politely and with courtesy in this type of context and for me to be helpful.Another reason for my use of formal language in this context is that the customers, like most of the customers that come into my work, are a fair bit older than I am so I find it appropriate to show respect in the way that I peak to them. I find that I can relax a little more when it comes to speaking to customers around my age and use slightly less formal language. The second extract (Extract 2) is a role-reversal where I was the customer at a cloth ing store, looking for a particular item. The style that I use for this context is a little less formal, yet still polite, as I expect the store assistant to help me. The language I use is far more casual as you can see by the use of terms such as wicked, do you reckon, and sweet, thanks. You can see that the language used by the store assistant is also ether casual as we were both of similar ages so there is a sense of mutual respect rather than one-sided. As you can see in this example of style-shifting, the language I choose to use is a lot different due to the addressee whether it be because of their status, age or simply due to what I can get out of the conversation for example if I am more formal and polite to customers they may be more likely to buy something and also if I speak politely yet casually to a store assistant then maybe they will be more likely to offer assistance. The three approaches to style can be applied very well to these two examples of spoken discourse.

Greenpeace The Environments Lobbyists essays

Greenpeace The Environments Lobbyists essays The greenhouse effect, nuclear contamination, toxic chemicals, oil spills, air pollution, water pollution: these are all issues that affect every single living being on this planet we call home. The environment and issues pertaining to the environment apply directly to the entire world. Greenpeace, an international environmental organization that is dedicated to preserving the earths natural resources, addresses these numerous environmental issues through peaceful campaigning and demonstrations. Members of the Dont Make a Wave Committee founded Greenpeace in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada in 1971. The Dont Make a Wave Committee was a small group opposed to nuclear weapons testing by the United States military in Alaska. Later, the committee changed its name to Greenpeace to echo its greater goal of creating a green and peaceful world. Greenpeace has more than forty offices in 30 countries with its headquarters in Amsterdam, Netherlands. It is a growing organization that has dedicated a lot of time and manpower to making this world a better and safer place for its inhabitants. Through peacefully lobbying and demonstration, Greenpeace has affected change for the better and, hopefully, will continue to do so in the future. The main issues that Greenpeace concerns itself with include climate changes, toxic chemicals, and nuclear disarmament and contamination. Greenpeace has acknowledged that one of the greatest threats to the planet is global climate change. Scientists and governments alike have all established that the problem is serious and real. In 1997, industrialized countries agreed at the climate summit in Kyoto to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases they pump into the atmosphere. However, little real action is being taken to address the problem. The efforts of Greenpeace on this issue include campaigning for governments to face up to thei...

Time is a Fire essays

Time is a Fire essays In this book report paper, I will analyze about a novel titled Time is A Fire, which is written by Vikram Kapur. I will also divide this paper into two main parts. In the first part, I will summarize and take the points from the story. And, in the second part, I will write some of my opinion and critique from a specific main chapter that I choose instead, which is the fourth that talked about the marriage between Rose and Ajay. Based on my point of view, I can tell that the novel was trying to talk about the life about Amrita Gill, a pretty, nice, and smart girl who came from India. Who is later on met another two journalist, Deepak and Jaswant. The three of them worked together and tried to solve the riddle of Indira Gandhis assassination and the relevance with the riots that took place in Delhi, India in 1984. I can see mystery, political history, and romance combined perfectly into one, which according to me is the best part of the novel. The story began on October 31st 1984, when the assassination of Mrs. Gandhi took place. An innocent sixteen-year-old girl, Amrita Gill was tragically came home to find her parents murdered too because of the riots. Instead of being alone in the riots that occurred in India, Amrita was forced to move abroad and live her country where she was born. She moved to Seattle, where she can live in the same roof with her uncle, the only living relative that she had now. Her childhood was really a tough life. She had to work in the kitchen and ordered like a servant by her aunt. She also worked hard outside to pay her educational fee. She worked in convenience store and fast food restaurant and tried to live by her own in her new life. However, she couldnt just run from the past. On one evening in November 1997, Amrita got a strange letter from Vancouver, which is written in Gumurkhi. On the letter, it is said that the writer, Gurbachan Singh needed to talk to Amrita. At first, Amrita w...

Jewish Ghettos Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Jewish Ghettos - Essay Example The Nazis were particularly skilled in manipulating the Jews, who believed that they were merely being transported to other concentration camps or ghettos for work.4 This paper aims to describe the Jewish ghettos during the Holocaust and begins with an overview of its purposes and characteristics. It also describes the transportation to the ghettos, the everyday conditions in it, and its effects on the Jews. The ghettos served to deceive the Jews, as it became the first step of dehumanizing and exterminating the Jewish race, but not all Jews succumbed to despair. Instead, Jewish survivors used hope, faith, ingenuity, and creativity to survive inhumane conditions in the ghettos. The ghettoization of the Jews The ghettos are different from concentration camps in several respects: they were used as temporary Jewish settlements that were prepared for work or death in concentration camps; they served to break the spirits of the Jews, so that they could no longer mount a strong resistance against the Germans; they provided free labor for Germans who needed the workforce to sustain the war; and they supported German plan for the dehumanization and extermination of the Jews.5 The ghettos forced Jews to work in squalid conditions, including the middle class and upper-class, who were professionals, thereby defeating their spirit and ensuring better control over them.6 Though the Nazis ordered self-regulation in the form of Jewish councils, the former still controlled details of everyday life in the ghettos, including forcing the Jews to wear six-pointed stars in their clothing, reducing access to food and other essentials, and controlling their mobility, as well as their access to news outside the ghettos.7 Not every ghetto is the same, however, and conditions varied greatly, depending on the nature and efforts of the ghetto leaders and several economic and social factors. Other ghettos lacked access to basic commodities, such as food and clothing, and services, such as hospitals, schools, and churches. Some examples are the Minsk and Lubcz ghettos.8 Other ghettos fared better, in terms of the Jews having opportunities to continue education and the practice of their religion in varying extents. Several examples are the Warsaw ghetto9 and Jewish ghetto in East Upper Silesia.10 Despite some advantages provided in a number of ghettos, the Jews remained slaves to their German captors. Because of their cramped houses and appalling work conditions, many Jews yielded to hopelessness too, especially after witnessing massive deaths, rapes, and plunder of their homes and communities.11 Transportation to the ghettos The Jews were mostly transported to the ghettos by train.12 When transferred to nearby ghettos, they walked on foot.13 The transportation stage triggered the process of dehumanizing the Jews. In Night, Elie Weisel was only fifteen years old, when he experienced several ghettos and concentration camps. He remembers the cramped conditions of the tra ins that signaled their loss of human rights and liberties. Moreover, the train was a place of violence and despondency: â€Å"Anti-Semitic acts take place every day in the streets, on the trains.†14 Even affluent Jews did not escape the hardships of transportation. As they were forced to leave their homes, they were stripped of their properties. Their relocation to the slums held symbolic meaning: they were no longer human

Denver Art Museum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Denver Art Museum - Essay Example carved vest, flywhisk and the missing tooth possibly lost in battle- also has a protruding beard and a raised mouth with front which all seek to highlight his towering stature. Together with his smaller sized horse, he is balanced by a figure of woman having succulent breasts and an undulating torso creating a wave like motion, with two attendants besides her carrying what appears as gunpowder on their heads, creating a sense of mutual support and unity in the art work. The female similarly wears an upswept incised coiffure that rhymes well with that of the horse rider who has been propped up. Besides all figures in the sculpture have elongated necks and oval heads, bringing out a sense resemblance of smaller and larger parts of the art that is important for unity. The sculpture’s frontal angles of the upper and lower regiment have been turned creating a variety of symbolism that can be read from all sides. The fantastic, dreamlike quality of the work produced by Olowe, a Yoruba by birth, can only be attributed to the long history and experience of the Yoruba people that inhabit the west coast of Africa in Nigeria, Eastern republic of Benin and Togo, dating back to the 5th century BC (Drewal, Pemberton and Abiodan 50). Their early discovery of iron enabled them to develop better metallic tools such as axes and machetes that helped them a lot in wood carving, besides many other economic activities including agriculture and trade. They went further to develop their pottery, textile and leather work. The community grew quite a lot, that at some point they had 20 kingdoms, each with its own king and a strong military who were revered and governed the people. One of their strongest kingdoms had as much as 6, 600 towns and villages that it controlled by the end of the 18th century. The kingdoms had Ife as the cultural and religious center. The Yoruba’s religious believes centered on a view of the world as made up of two connected realms; the visible world of

Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities Facing IT Managers Essay Example for Free

Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities Facing IT Managers Essay Cyber-security demands are ever increasing in the field of Information Technology with the globalization of the internet. Disruptions due to cyber-attacks are affecting the economy, costing companies billions of dollars each year in lost revenue. To counter this problem corporations are spending more and more on infrastructure and investing to secure the cyber security vulnerabilities which range anywhere from software to hardware to networks and people that use them. Due to the complexity of information systems that interact with each other and their counter parts, the requirement to meet specific cyber security compliances have become a challenging issues for security professionals worldwide. To help with these issues, security professionals have created different standards and frameworks over the years for addressing this growing concern of vulnerabilities within enterprise systems and the critical information they hold (â€Å"Critical Security Controls,† n.d.). Before we get into the details let first examine what exactly is a security vulnerability. By definition a security vulnerability can be flaws in hardware, software, networks or the employees that use them which in turn can allow hackers to compromise the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the information system (â€Å"Common Cybersecurity,† 2011). To thoroughly discuss this topic in more detail I will first discuss Confidentiality as it is one of the three main goals of IT Security. Confidentiality is as simple as it sounds, limiting access to resources for only those that need it. Confidentiality vulnerabilities occur when hackers try to exploits some weakness or flaw  within information system and view information that they are not normally allowed to. In this case the confidentiality of the documents have been compromised. The second goal of IT security which can also be affected if security vulnerabilities are present is Integrity. Integrity by definition can mean many different things for different topics but for the IT world it solely relates to the trustworthiness of a document or resource. This means that the document or file has been unhindered or changed and is still in its original form. This is very important because if data has been hindered or changed it can cause substantial damage to corporations due to the possible wrong decisions being made like investments or unintended publications or even trouble with the law if tax audits are not adding up properly which would all result in a net loss. The last goal of IT security which can be compromised if security vulnerabilities exist is Availability of the information system. Availability refers to the idea that a resource is accessible by those that need it, whenever they need it. In my personal opinion I believe availability is probably the most important out of the three security goals. I say this simply because there are many mission critical applications out there that need to be online 24/7 and any downturn can result in catastrophic results. One prime example of this is the air traffic control towers at LAX; they were having problems with the system a few months back due to the U-2 spy plane flying over their airspace. This caused major panic which grounded taxied planes that were ready to take off and forced the manual tracking of planes already in air (Ahlers, 2014). Throughout this the paper I intend to report on the many different types of cyber-security vulnerabilities available and their effects. I will also describe in detail the vulnerability I feel is the most important facing IT managers today, its impact on organizations and the solution. As I stated before there are many different types of security vulnerabilities out there which can affect the integrity, availability and confidentiality of a resource. So the question still remains what exactly are t hese types of vulnerabilities? Especially since they range from software, hardware, networks and the people that use them. Firstly I will discuss the software vulnerabilities, more specifically in terms of web applications. This is because more than half of the current  computer security threats and vulnerabilities today affect web applications and that number is ever increasing. (Fonseca, Seixas, Vieira, Madeira, 2014). When considering the programming language used to develop web applications you have PHP which is considered a weak language, on the other hand you have Java, C# and Visual Basic which are considered strong languages. It is important to note that the language used to develop the web applications is very important because although the different programming languages are similar overall, each one has different rules of how data is stored, retrieved, the execution methods, tables and so on. For example when I say how data is stored and retrieve, I am basically regarding to data types and data structures and how the programming language that is being used maps their values into type fields like strings for names, Int for numbers, or even Boolean for true and false statements. Overall though even if you are using a strong typed language like Java, it does not always guarantee itself free from defects because the language itself may not be the root cause of the vulnerability but possibly the implementation methods used or even insufficient testing (Fonseca, Seixas, Vieira, Madeira, 2014). Vulnerabilities in web applications invite XSS exploits and SQL injection which are the most common types. Below you can see in the image the evolution of reports caused by SQL injection and XSS exploits over the years. This next section we will discuss some more types of security vulnerabilities, more specifically vulnerabilities with regards to hardware. Many people assume that hardware vulnerabilities have the lowest security concern compared to other types of vulnerabilities like software, networks and people that use them simply because they can be stored up in secure environments. The truth is even hardware vulnerabilities can be easily susceptible to attacks. Hardware in general have a longer lifespan than software because simply with software you can upgrade it and install new patches/builds even after deployment. With hardware you once you purchase it, you are most likely going to keep it for a while. When it does become obsolete and ready to be disposed a lot of organizations make the simple mistake of not securely disposing the old hardware properly which in turn opens up the door for intruders. Old hardware have software programs installed on them and other things like IC transistors whi ch can help  hackers learn a lot more about the organization and help lead to future attacks (Bloom, Leontie, Narahari, Simha, 2012). The most recent example of hardware vulnerability which caused one of the biggest Cybersecurity breaches in history was most recently with Target. 40 million credit and debit cards with customer information was stolen simply because a malware was introduced to the point of sale system through a hardware encryption vulnerability (Russon, 2014). Although hardware vulnerabilities are not normally the root cause for majority of the exploits and breaches out there, it is always still good to follow best practices. Network vulnerabilities will be the next topic of discussion and my personal favorite. Vulnerabilities through network systems are very common especially with the all the resources available to hackers today. There are many open source software programs on the market which can help intruders learn critical information about an organization. Just to name a few of the most popular and commonly used ones include Nmap security scanner and Wireshark. Nmap security scanner was originally developed to be used for security and system administration purposes only, like mapping the network for vulnerabilities. Today it most commonly used for black hat hacking (Weston, 2013). Hackers use it to scan open unused ports and other vulnerabilities which in turn helps them gain unauthorized access to the network. Wireshark on the other hand is also similar to Nmap as it was originally developed for network analysis and troubleshooting. It allows administrators to view and capture all packet resources that passes through a particular interface. Over the years hackers have started using Wireshark to exploit unsecured networks and gain unauthorized access (Shaffer, 2009). Although scanning unused open ports and capturing packets are a great way for intruders to gain access to a network, the most popular method by far to breach a network is USB thumb devices. Most enterprise networks are very secure in the sense that they use a DMZ (De-militarized zone) and outside penetration becomes very difficult. In a de-militarized zone outside network traffic must go pass through two different firewalls to get to the intranet of the organization. The first firewall includes all the commonly used servers like FTP, SMTP and all other resources that can be accessible by the public. The second firewall has the actual intranet of the organization which includes all private resources (Rouse, 2007). Below is the diagram of a DMZ. So the question still remains, since most enterprise organizations use DMZ which in turn helps prevent port scanning or packet analyzing, why is USB thumb devices the most popular network vulnerability? (Markel, 2013) The answer is very simple â€Å"Social engineering†. We as human beings, through social conditioning do not stop and ask questions when were not familiar with someone, which in turn has become one of the major causes for the cybersecurity breaches that occur today. Just to give one example from my own personal experiences at work, each floor has an authentication swipe policy to gain entry. Every time I enter the office area, there are a few people with me and only one person in the group usually swipes his/her badge to open the door. This is a huge security vulnerability because anyone can just follow the group and gain access to the entire intranet of the organization. In my case in particular I work for United Airlines headquarters in Chicago at the Willis tower which is more than 100 stories high and the fact that the entire building is not ours alone, this becomes a huge security concern. While I have briefly explained the vulnerabilities in software, hardware, networks and the people that use them, the question still remains, what is the most important security vulnerability facing IT managers today?. This answer to this questions differs person to person, and one must take into consideration the actual vulnerability, its threat source and the outcomes. A person with a small home business might only be concerned with denial of service attacks, since they may not have enough cash flow to properly secure their network. On the other hand an enterprise organization with large cash flow might have a different prospective and probably does not concern itself with denial of service attacks but instead is focuses on making sure all the systems are upda te using windows server update services. In my personal opinion though, you might have guessed it but it’s definitely us human beings because we have the tendency to fall victims and contribute to the successful security breaches that occur in today’s society. Mateti in his essay â€Å"TCP/IP Suite† stated that vulnerabilities occur because of human error. A study by Symantec and the Ponemon institute showed that 64 percent of data breaches in 2012 were resulted due to human mistakes (Olavsrud, 2013). Larry Ponemon the founder of security research at Ponemon Institute and chairman stated that â€Å"Eight  years of research on data breach costs has shown employees behavior to be one of the most pressing issues facing organizations today†, up by twenty two percent since the first survey† (Olvasrud, 2013). A prime example of this is when I stated earlier about how anyone can just enter my office area without swiping their card, just by simply following the group. This is a form of human erro r when employees are too intimidated to ask questions and request authorization from someone they believe does not work for the organization. The intruder can just walk in the front door pretending to be a salesperson, repairman or even a white collar businessman and may look like someone legitimate but in fact they are not. This intruder now has direct access to the intranet and can install malicious malware on to the computers to disrupt daily operations or even steal sensitive data like confidential project information, release dates, trade secrets and many more. A very good example of this is the Stuxnet worm which infect the Iranian nuclear facilities and caused a lot of damage internally which in turn delayed Iran’s nuclear development. All of the security measures that were put in place by Iran’s cyber defense team were circumvented simply by just one employee because the worm was introduced through an infected USB drive. This simply shows how the direct access from unauthorized users due to employee negligence can cause such tremendous damage and that all the perimeter defense become completely useles s. Another prime example of human errors was the RSA breach in 2011 where cybercriminals thought instead of just sending millions of phishing emails to different random mailboxes, let’s send personalized emails to specific employees. The employees at RSA thinking since it’s a personalized message its â€Å"safe† and clicked on the links unknowingly which in turn caused the malware to be downloaded on to the network. To counter this problem firstly IT managers need to properly train employees and give them specific guidelines to follow. Symantec has issued a press releases with the guidelines on how to properly secure sensitive data which includes information on how to train employees for these types of intrusions. Human error is not just limited to intimation or foolishness, it also expands too many different areas because after all it is us humans who manage the cyberspace, grant physical access to the terminals and systems that are connected to the internetwork. We setup the protocols used for communication, set the security policies and procedures,  code backend server software, create passwords used to access sensitive information, maintain updates on computers and so on (â€Å"Security 2011, † 2011 ). The human element matters very much possibly more than the software, hardware or the network systems especially when it comes to properly securing an internetwork from data breaches. The impact on the organization always depends on what type of business it is and what it is engaged in. For example if an organization is very popular and has bigger presence in the online commerce (Amazon and New Egg) compared to one that does not use the internet quiet often will be more concerned with web based attacks and vulnerabilities. The impact though regardless of the type of organization will always be tremendous. Once a breach occurs not only are you spending on recovering from its effects but you are also spending on beefing up your current security measures by installing new devices, hiring new employees so the same occurrence does not occur again (Hobson, 2008) Sometimes at the end of the day some of the cost are not even recoverable like sensitive data, trade secrets, personnel information or even customer information. Another major cost and headache that occurs once an organization becomes a victim of cybercrime is lawsuits. Many customers who feel that the organization could not protect their confidentiality will sue the corporation for millions of dollars which in turn can cause major loss. IT managers can do many things to help prevent breaches due to human errors. The first thing they can do is properly train the employees as stated above on a periodical basis and use current guidelines like Symantec to properly secure their intranet from any type of intrusion. IT managers can also establish a safe harbor in the sense that they can force employees to periodically change their passwords and establish rules so the password must be certain characters long and must include other types of characters besides just the typical alphanumerical ones. Employee negligence also due to bad habits like sending sensitive data over an unsecured email and IT managers must ensure that they continually educate their employees. There are many different types of security vulnerabilities out there in today’s world that are affecting organizations. In my personal opinion I believe human error is the one vulnerability that affects IT managers the most simply because we as humans make mistakes. It is in our nature and no matter how hard we try we will always be susceptible to deception either through social engineering tactics or clicking dangerous  links because it â€Å"looks safe† or even being negligent by not reporting something unusual. Employees need to realize that their actions can bring terrible consequences for both them and the organization as a whole. References Fonseca, J., Seixas, N., Viera, M., Madeira, H. (2014). Analysis of Field Data on Web Security Vulnerabilities. IEEE Transaction on Dependable Secure Computing, 11(2), 89-100 doi:10.1109/TDSC.2013.37 Russon, M. (2014, June 10). Forget Software Vulnerabilities, Hardware Security Must Improve Before Its Too Late. International Business Times RSS. Retrieved July 12, 2014, from http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/forget-software-vulnerabilities-hardware-security-must-improve-before-its-too-late-1451912 Bloom, G., Leontie, E., Narahari, B., Simha, R. (2012, January 1). Hardware and Security: Vulnerabilities and Solutions. . Retrieved July 12, 2014, from http://www.seas.gwu.edu/~simha/research/HWSecBookChapter12.pdf Common Cyber Security Vulnerabilities in Industrial Control Systems. (2011, January 1). . Retrieved July 12, 2014, from https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/documents/DHS_Common_Cybersecurity_Vulnerabilities_ICS_2010.pdf Critical Security Controls. (n.d.). SANS Institute -. Retrieved July 12, 2014, from http://www.sans.org/critical-security-controls Ahlers, M. (2014, May 6). FAA computer vexed by U-2 spy plane over LA. CNN. Retrieved July 13, 2014, from http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/05/us/california-ground-stop-spy-plane-computer/ Most Important Cybersecurity Vulnerability Facing It Managers. (n.d.). . Retrieved July 13, 2014, from http://www.ukessays.com/essays/computer-science/most-important-cybersecurity-vulnerability-facing-it-managers-computer-science-essay.php Security 2011: Attack Of The Human Errors Network Computing. (2011, December 22).Network Computing. Retrieved July 13, 2014, from http://www.networkcomputing.com/networking/security-2011-attack-of-the-human-errors/d/d-id/1233294? Hobson, D. (2008, August 8). The real cost of a security breach. SC Magazine. Retrieved July 13, 2014, from http://www.scmagazine.com/the-real-cost-of-a-security-breach/article/113717/ Direct, M. (2013, December 20). Human error is the root cause of most data

Prozac: Fluoxetine Essay -- Depression Psychology Medications Essays

Prozac: Fluoxetine Many people, both those who have experienced the illness and families and friends that have helped loved ones cope with it, are familiar with the far reaching effects of depression. Depression is one of the most common medical conditions in United States and around the world. At some point in their lives one in four, approx 18 million, Americans will experience some episode of depression. For people struggling with depression there is help available. Antidepressant medications and other treatments can often make an astonishing difference in depressive symptoms within a few weeks. With the right treatment eight out of ten people improve. Before the 20th century, most people experiencing depression went without diagnosis and treatment. Early, crude forms of sedatives were given to people with severe agitation, anxiety or psychotic depression. Like many other aspects of science there has been an evolutionary growth of the quality and range of availability of help for illnesses like this. The involvement and evolution of anti-depressant drugs is an important role in the fight against depression. In the 1950s the fist generation of anti depressants was discovered. It was not until the 1980s that a newer class of antidepressants revolutionized the treatment of depression. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were the first of these medications to be available in the United States. Fluoxetine (Prozac) was the first of its kind. (Kramlinger, 2001) Fluoxetine first appeared in scientific literature as Lilly 110410 (the hydrochloride form), a selective serotonin uptake inhibitor, in August 15, 1974 issue of, Life Sciences (Wong,... ...el A., (2001).Understanding Drug Interactions. Proffesional Psychology: Research and Practice, Vol.32, No.5, 543-547: American Physiological Association Inc. Sanchez, Connie, & Hyttel, John, (1999). Comparison of the Effects of Antidepressants and Their Metabolites on Reuptake of Biogenic Amines and on Receptor Bindings. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Vol.19, No.4.Denmark: Plenum Publishing Co. Science Direct, (2003).Fluoxetine inhibits A-type Potassium Currents in Primary Cultured Rat Hippocampal Neurons. Department of Physiology, Medical Research Center, South Korea. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL. Wong, David T., (1995).Prozac (Fluoxetine, Lilly 110140), The First Selective Serotonin Uptake Inhibitor and Antidepressant Drug. Life Sciences, Vol.57, No.5. Indianapolis, In: Elserver Science Ltd.

Mock-heroic features of Pope’s “The Rape of the Lock” Essay

Mock-epic, also known as mock-heroic poetry is a juxtaposition of trivial subject matter and grandeur epic style. From the fundamental point of view, mock-epic is nothing but the most popular neo-classical burlesque used as a double-edged satirical weapon. Batrachomyomachia, an anonymous parody, attributed to Homer, is most probably the earliest example of mock-epic genre. Alexander Pope was the central figure of Augustan Age, for his best mock-heroic poetry The Rape of the Lock, written based on a contemporary scandal. It deals with the journey from an insignificant event of cutting hair lock of a belle, to a Trojan war. Pope’s The Rape of the Lock, published in 1712(revised version in 1714 with five cantos), is like a literary heterogeneous architecture that offers a multi-dimensional flow of phenomena. This poem nurtures the every sphere of emotions. The poem is just to bring out a serious enmity between two Catholic land lord families-the Petres and the Fermors derived from a ‘dire’ offense by the young lord Petre. He takes revenge by cutting the lock of hair of Arabella Fermor, a lady from Fermor family, as his amourous proposal was strongly shunted aside by the lady. The entire poem is decorated with super-natural characters like sylphs, gnomes and their magical activities. From the beginning, Pope created a sarcastic atmosphere with the luxurious, idle lifestyles of lord families. At last but not the least, this mock-heroic poetry, written in iambic pentameter, also leaves a great literary value with its enriched rhetoric and prosodic features. The features of a mock-epic would be almost same as the epic but it should be clearly distinguished by its dissimilarity between subject and style. The features of The Rape of the Lock as a mock-epic, are depicted below: The Title: A mock-heroic poetry must be beautified with a grand title. Rape is a serious moral violation which means the seizure of a lady against his consent. In this case, Pope brought such very word to describe the possession of Belinda’s hair-lock by Baron, just to produce a mock-heroic  sensation. Variation of Style and Subject: Mock-epic is a good example of ‘high-burlesque’. This means, the rhyme-scheme of a mock-epic would be grand but the subject would be ridiculous. In this poem, Pope’s subject matter is insignificant but the style is very high like an epic saga. The rape of the lock is not so rich in content to fit with the epic-rhythm. Structural Form: Like an epic, this poem is also divided in several Cantos and episodes that filters The Rape of the Lock as a mock-heroic epic. Pope also began this poem with an invocation in first stanza, that fits the style appropriately. Supernatural Activities: Being an epic, The Rape of the Lock is presented with supernatural activities. As an epic feature, an explicit difference between heaven and hell is shown in this poem. Belinda plays the role of a divine ore from the celestial chastity of sylphs. In other hand, Baron is the spokesman of gnomes like Milton’s ‘Satan’. Pope’s The Rape of the Lock, a tribute to friend Caryll, is a superlative piece of mock-epic that delivers charms at first glance with its inherent intellectual tricks at its fullest, as Pope describes in his own way-â€Å"Charms strike the sight, But merit wins the soul† (in â€Å"The Rape of the Lock†). BIBLIOGRAPHY Main text: Page-56, â€Å"An Anthology: Poems, Plays and Prose† by Board Of Editors. The University Of Burdwan, Burdwan, June2013 Albert Edward. History of English Literature. City: New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2014 www.britannica.com. The Rape of the Lock. 24 November 2014 www.writework.com. Discuss Alexander Pope’s ‘The Rape Of The Lock’ as a ‘Mock Heroic Poem’ By Kellee. April 2005 http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/mock-heroic-poetry-definition-examples-style.html#lesson www.en.wikipedia.org. Mock-Heroic www.goodreads.com www.scribd.com. Pope Rape of the Lock-Mock Heroic Features www.crossref-it.info. Mock Heroic http://www.sparknotes.com. THE RAPE OF THE LOCK

Leadership Is “Having an Irrational Sense of Hope”

NANYANG BUSINESS SCHOOL MBA 2012-2013 TRIMESTER 1 B6018 LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Course Coordinator/Instructor: Assoc. Prof Lim Beng Chong Office: S3-B2B-63 / E-mail : [email  protected] edu. sg Class Schedule: Wed evenings 6:15pm – 9:30 pm (or Saturday mornings 9:00 am -12:00 noon for extra/postponed sessions) Class Venue: NTU @ one-north SR 502 COURSE DESCRIPTION A leader is a man (woman) who has the ability to get people to do what they don’t want to do, and like it – Harry S. Truman (1954) Few organization and management issues have attracted as much interest and research work as leadership.From politics to the business world to military institutions, people are always searching for that someone, whom they called LEADER, to lead and inspire the people to achieve success or to bring about change. So what is leadership? There are many definitions of leadership in organizations. Almost every author of books has one. Bass (1990), after reviewing t he literature, suggests that there are at least 12 different approaches to the definition. What is your definition of leadership? What type of leader are you?How can you be a better leader to your work team or organization? I hope you will begin to think about these questions as you embark on your leadership journey with me in this course. Essentially, effective leaders are those who can mobilize others to get extraordinary or exceptional things done in their work teams or organizations. In today’s organizations, managers are not only responsible for the planning, organizing and controlling functions in their work teams or organizations; they have to accomplish these goals by leading their people.Hence, their success as managers is dependent on their ability to motivate and inspire others. In other words, being leaders of their people. From this perspective, success and failure as managers rest squarely on the ability of the managers to understand and manage people at work. T herefore, critical to leadership success is a good knowledge of managing people in organizations or a good grounding in the fundamentals of work behaviour in organizations.Given the above, this course will bring together the leadership literature and the insights on human nature at work from Organization Behaviour. The learning objectives are: †¢ Increase participants’ understanding of people at work as well as of organizations as complex systems by examining organizational behaviour at 3 levels: the individual (self and others), the work team and the larger organizational context. †¢ Increase participants’ understanding of leadership processes and how these are intertwined with an understanding of organizational behaviour. Develop participants’ repertoire of leadership capabilities through greater self-awareness a deeper understanding of the impact of their actions on others – and building leadership habits to better equip them to lead and take effective actions in today’s organizations. Leadership Develops Daily, not in a Day – John Maxwell 1 COURSE OUTLINE â€Å"The Law of Intentionality – Growth doesn’t just happen† Life is now in session. Are you present? – Maxwell (2012) The appendix provides a summary of the topics that would be covered for each session.The approach to all sessions will be grounded on participation-centered learning and the course design includes a range of participation-centered activities such as case studies, group exercises and assignments, peer conversations, debates, self-reflection activities and talks by invited guest speakers. [See attached Course Outline table] READINGS & PRE-CLASS PREPARATION The study of leadership and work behaviour, given its multidisciplinary nature, entails a fair amount of reading in preparation for the classes.Pre-class readings are essential and participants are expected to prepare the case studies or exercises prior to di scussion in class. Two books have been prescribed and each covers different topics and levels of analysis. The relevant chapters for reading from each textbook and additional readings will be given in the detailed course outline. RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS IVANCEVICH, J. M. , KONOPASKE, R. and MATTESON, M. T. (2011). Organizational Behavior and Management 9th edition. McGraw – Hill Internation. New York. ULRICH, D. (2010). Leadership in Asia. McGraw-Hill –OPTIONAL REFERENCES – JOHN MAXWELL (2007). The 21 irrefutable laws of leadership. Thomas Nelson – DANIEL LEVI (2007). Group Dynamics for Teams. 2nd edition. Sage Publication – ROB GOFFEE and GARETH JONES (2006). Why should anyone be led by you? Harvard Business Press PARTICIPATION & ASSESSMENT Class Participation/Sharing. The course is designed to provide ample opportunities for participants to contribute to the class learning by participating actively in the various class activities and by offering pr oactively their own experiences and insights for the benefits of other participants.This will constitute an important component of participants’ continuous assessment (10% of the total marks). â€Å"The law of Contribution – growing yourself enables you to grow others† – Maxwell (2012). Class Quizzes. Weekly seminars may commence with a short quiz to assess participants’ basic understanding of the concepts and key terms in the prescribed readings for that week. The purpose is to help participants develop a habit of continuous learning- a critical leadership habit.Hopefully, by the end of the course, participants will have built up a repository of knowledge on leadership and organizational behavior. Again, this will constitute another component of the participants’ Leadership Develops Daily, not in a Day – John Maxwell 2 continuous assessment (10% of the total marks). â€Å"the law of Consistency: motivation gets you going – Di scipline keeps you growing. † Self Case Study (real life leadership/OB challenge). John McDonnell once said, â€Å"Every problem introduces a person to himself†.As a leader/manager, you are likely to encounter different types of work situations – both positive and negative. As leaders, we can make the mistake but not lose the lesson. Hence there is much to be learned from one’s experiences especially from less positive ones. The objective of this individual assignment is to provide an opportunity for participants to learn from their experience at work or working with others by overlaying the concepts and theories covered during the course on the real life challenges. (10% of the total marks). The law of Pain: good management of bad experiences leads to great growth. † Reflection PaperLeadership Journaling. As we embark on this learning journey together, I strongly encourage course participants keep a journal to note their reflections and thoughts thr oughout the course. These reflections and thoughts on leadership and organizational behaviour can form the basis for the reflection paper (less than 1000 words) to be submitted at the end of the course (10% of the total marks). â€Å"The law of Reflection: learning to pause allows growth to catch up with you. Up to 4 x Mini-Group Assignments. Working in teams is part and parcel of organizational life. As leaders, we are expected to lead a team of diverse individuals to achieve a common goal. Many times, we are also members of other teams. Hence being able to lead and willing to be led is an integral part of being a manager. These mini-team assignments are designed to allow participants to work together to achieve a common goal. Hopefully, they can apply the science of leadership and OB in the process and hone their leadership skills (20% of the total marks). The law of influence: the true measure of leadership is influence – nothing more, nothing less. † Final Examinat ion. The examination will be an open-book exam of two and a half hours. Summary of Course Assessment and Requirements: B6018 Max pts Class Participation / Sharing 100 Class Quizzes 100 Self Case Study (real life leadership/OB challenge) 100 Reflection paper/leadership journaling 100 Up to 4 x Mini-Group Assignments 100 Final examination (open-book) 100 Total 600 ? subject to changes by the instructor during the course % Final score 10 10 10 10 20 40 100Leadership Develops Daily, not in a Day – John Maxwell 3 ASSESSMENT PLAN Learning Goal Course Learning Objectives Assessment Method -class Quizzes -Self Case Study -Reflection Paper – min-group assignments -Open-book examination -Self Case Study -Reflection Paper – mini-group assignments -Open-book examination -Peer assessments of the skills demonstrated during Mini-group assignments Acquiring & Applying Knowledge To gain an understanding of various concepts of leadership and organisational behaviour, such that st udents can use the â€Å"most useful† concepts for their professional lives.Assessment Rubrics* Written Assignment Rubric Critical/Creative Thinking To show critical/creative thinking in the evaluation of written ideas and case examples about leadership/OB. Written Assignment Rubric Teamwork and interpersonal skills To improve students’ skills for working with others. Peer Assessment Rubric Leadership Develops Daily, not in a Day – John Maxwell 4 Written Assignment Rubric Criteria Acquiring knowledge and Critical Thinking Description This refers to the breadth and depth of understanding and analysis of the subject/content.Quality of answer assessed by well-considered and supported assertions, arguments, explanations, logic and inferences drawn from accurate interpretation and appropriate use/citation of literature. Range Poor Answer and/or literature cited do not address the question well. Answer is descriptive rather than analytical. Arguments are implicit rath er than explicit. Logic and inferences are not clear. Average Answer and/or literature cited generally address the question. There is analysis and arguments but they are weak and broad. Arguments and logic are piece-meal and not integrated.Some issues are discussed adequately and others, less adequately. Minimum description of appropriate application of knowledge, experience and insights. Good Answer addresses the question directly. Literature is appropriately cited to support assertions and arguments. Writing is generally logical and integrated. Nonetheless, answer falls short of the highest standard in some ways, e. g. possible lines of assertion or argument may be missed or neglected. Well argued application of knowledge with clear and logical linkage to personal experience. Relevant insights and new ideas that have considered the practical constraints.Nonetheless, answer falls short of the highest standard in some ways, e. g. , lapses in one or more arguments, inadequate descrip tion. Excellent Answer addresses the question directly with breadth and depth. Literature is appropriately cited to support assertions and arguments. Writing is relevant, logical, and well integrated. Mark Awarded Application of knowledge and Creative thinking This refers to the appropriate application of knowledge and linkages to personal insights and experience. Creative insights and ideas are welcome when they are relevant and anchored to realistic/practical challenges. Inappropriate application of knowledge.Inadequate description of experience and insights. Little or no insights. Irrelevant or impractical ideas. Very well argued application of knowledge and boundaries, with clear and logical linkage to personal experience. Relevant insights and new ideas that have considered the practical constraints. Leadership Develops Daily, not in a Day – John Maxwell 5 Quality of Writing – clarity of expression Quality of Writing – Organization and Formatting This refer s to how effectively arguments, ideas and thoughts put forth in the essay are communicated and comprises word usage, sentence usage, paragraphing and fluency of expression.This refers to the overall organization, integration and flow of the essay. Format following the submission guidelines and proper use of footnotes/endnotes; references and bibliography. Has difficulties expressing ideas. Expresses ideas fairly clearly and coherently. Expresses ideas fluently and eloquently. Expresses ideas very fluently and eloquently. Has some limitations organising the ideas and following submission guidelines. Satisfactorily organized. Integration and flow can be better. Some lapses in following submission guidelines. Well organized, integrated and flowing.Format follows guidelines almost completely. Very well organized, integrated and flowing. Format follows guidelines completely. Leadership Develops Daily, not in a Day – John Maxwell 6 Teamwork & Interpersonal Skills Rubric (For Peer R ating) Learning Objective: The ability to work effectively with others in a group setting. Your ratings will not be revealed to your team members. Group Name: _______________________________________________ Name of Rater: ______________________________________________ Fill in your members’ names below and Rate on a scale of â€Å"1† to â€Å"6† for each trait Name1 Name2 Name3 Name4Traits Roles and Responsibility Behaves professionally by upholding responsibility and assuming accountability for self and others in progressing towards the team’s goal. Communication Identifies appropriate mechanisms to coordinate and correspond with team members. Performance Scant Unclear about his/her own role; refuses to take a role in the group; insists to work individually and has limited coordination or communication with others. Evaluation: Scant 1 2 3 4 5 Scant Modes of communication are not appropriate, causing confusion and miscommunication among team members.Evalua tion: Scant 1 2 3 4 Scant Does not recognize conflicts or is unwilling to resolve conflicts. Evaluation: Scant 1 Substantially Developed Always fulfills responsibilities; performs his/her role within the group with enthusiasm and demonstrates willingness to work collaboratively. Name5 6 Substantially Developed Substantially Developed Modes of communication are appropriate, and maintains timely communication and correspondence with team members. 5 6 Substantially Developed Substantially Developed Consistently resolves conflicts through facilitating open discussion and compromise.Conflict Resolution Resolves conflicts using a variety of approaches. Contributions Contributes positive input for the team; effectively utilizes one’s knowledge and expertise. 2 3 4 5 6 Substantially Developed Substantially Developed Actively attends and participates in all activities and provides meaningful contribution in articulating ideas and opinions. Scant Largely disinterested in working in a g roup and refuses to participate; observes passively or is unwilling to share information with other team members. Evaluation: Scant 1 2 3 4 Scant Rarely listens to others and does not acknowledge the opinions that differ from his/her own. 6 Substantially Developed Substantially Developed Engages in respectful relationships with all other members in the team. Embraces and accepts diverse points of view without prejudice. Relationship Maintains cooperative interaction with other team members regardless of individual /cultural differences and respects diverse perspectives. Evaluation: Scant 1 2 3 4 5 6 Substantially Developed Leadership Develops Daily, not in a Day – John Maxwell 7 Self Case Study The law of Pain: Good management of bad experiences leads to great growth. † – Maxwell (2012)The objective of this individual assignment is to provide an opportunity for participants to learn from their experience at work or working with others by overlaying the concepts a nd theories covered during the course on the real life challenges. There are two parts to this individual assignment. a. Part 1. To be handed in on Week 3 of the course. The participants will describe some of the challenges/issues/problems about people’s behaviors they encountered at work or when working with people. As a guide, try to limit to not more than 3 challenges. Part 1 should not be more than 1500 words.Try to identify for yourself what you want to learn from this course which will be useful in helping you understand and deal with people you work with in an effective manner. While the list of questions below may not exhaustive, I hope it will help you identify some of the potential issues/problems/challenges you may want to consider: o Think about a conflict which has arisen with one of your co-workers o Do you or your company have any major problems in motivating your or its work force? o How effective is your work group? o Describe your relationship with your boss – do you find it satisfying/dissatisfying? Are there problems in the way in which people use power and influence in your company? o How is change brought about in your company? b. Part 2. The complete assignment is to be handed in during Week 10. In total, this should be no more than 4000 words. The assignment should have the following sections a. Part 1 i. Title of the case ii. Description of the case (from week 3) iii. Why it happened the way it did? iv. What was done about it? b. Part 2 i. Your own analysis of the situation ii. What theories, concepts and frameworks covered in LOB course that may be useful here? iii.Based on your analysis and the theories, concepts and frameworks highlighted, how should the case be resolved? iv. What is your biggest takeaway from this case as a leader? Leadership Develops Daily, not in a Day – John Maxwell 8 OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS Late Submission of Assignments Penalties will be imposed for late submissions that are not suppo rted with valid reasons. A penalty of 10 marks will be imposed for each day that the assignment is submitted late. For example, a mark of 65% would become 55% if the assignment is submitted a day late and 45% if it is two days late.In order to ensure equity, students are reminded to stay within the word limit set for each assignment. Academic Integrity Truth, Trust and Justice are at the core of NTU’s shared values. Good academic work includes to a very large extent, honesty and ethical behaviour. The quality of your work as a student is therefore subjected to adhering to principles of academic integrity and to the NTU Honor Code, a set of values shared by everyone in NTU. The content of assignments submitted for grading purposes must be that of your own.You should therefore be diligent in identifying and acknowledging the sources of information used in completing your work (full details must be provided in your reference section). If you feel that the use of the exact wordin gs from a reference source is the best way to present the ideas, then you must use quotation marks and acknowledge the source. If you choose to summarise the words from a reference, the source must also be acknowledged, as this is not an original piece of work from you. Submitted work must be your own effort and must not duplicate (in whole or in part) the work of others (including other students).As a student, the responsibility falls on you to be familiar with and to apply the principles of academic integrity in all the work you do at NTU. Hence you will need to proactively familiarise yourself with the strategies to avoid all forms of academic dishonesty, including plagiarism, academic fraud, collusion, cheating, etc. Detailed information can be obtained via the academic integrity website at http://academicintegrity. ntu. edu. sg. Pleading ignorance or claiming that one is unaware of the requirements for maintaining academic integrity does not excuse academic dishonesty.As member s of the NTU family, this is a responsibility that students and faculty staff alike must uphold at all times. Use of edveNTUre (Blackboard) The edveNTUre system (Blackboard) will be used to facilitate the posting of assignments, course materials and announcements, as well as for interacting with your coursemates and myself. Do ensure that your personal particulars especially your hand-phone number (if you have one) is updated in edveNTUre. This will allow you to receive urgent messages e. g. change in timing for lessons, via SMS from me. Leadership Develops Daily, not in a Day – John Maxwell 9 Overview of Class Schedule Date Mar 13 Mar 20 Mar 27 Mar 3 April 10 April 17 April 24 April 2 May 8 May 15 May 22 May Topic Overview of Organizational Behaviour and Leadership Process Know Yourself: You as a leader (I) Know Yourself: You as a leader (II) Understanding Others: Your Followers (I) Understanding Others: Your Followers (II) Dialogue with A Group Executive Chairman Overview o f Team Effectiveness Leadership in Teams Overview of Organizational Effectiveness Leadership in Organizations Conversation with a Leadership Coach Conclusion: Leadership in An Age of Uncertainty Leadership Develops Daily, not in a Day – John Maxwell 10

Essay Sample on the Nature of Translation

Essay Sample on the Nature of Translation Many people think that any educated person who knows more than one language can translate and interpret. It is far from the truth. Only translators with good background knowledge, subject knowledge, social and cultural competence and, of course, advanced language skills will be always needed. Translation is a process of conveying information with the help of linguistic and cultural knowledge. The fact that we are able to produce equivalent in English for every word does not mean that we can give an adequate translation of the text. Translation implies that we have capacity to enter into the mind, the world, and the culture of the speakers or writers and we can express their thought in a manner that is not only parallel to the original, but also acceptable to the target language. (A. Duff). While translating we need to be faithful to the original and try to fit into the context in the target language. It is not right to focus on the surface meaning only. Words, sounds and grammar are important, but the attention should also be paid to the ideas and concepts, so called deep meaning. Trying to translate as well as possible, transformation shouldnt be forgotten. The structure of the sentence is different in different languages, so the goal is to find the equivalent surface structure in two languages which correspond to the common deep meaning. Translation involves changing the form of the message from one language to the appropriate form in the second language without changing the deeper meaning (M.Larson). Word for word translation is a result of a wish to be very close to the meaning in the source language, but it is no good. This kind of translation will definitely ruin the real deep meaning and even the surface structure in the target language. Adequate translation means a conceptual identity in both, the source and target languages. Culture in translation plays the biggest and the most important role. It can help in communication and translation, but the lack of knowledge of it can be a great barrier. Wierzbicka argues that we are different people not only because we speak different languages, but we think differently, feel differently and relate to other people differently (A. Wierzbicka). The choices of how to translate should be made very carefully, it requires theoretical knowledge and an understanding of how choices in texts reflect other relationships between senders and receivers of the information. To be a good translator it is one of the most challenging tasks, as it requires switching safely between two universes of discourse. If you need a custom essay, research paper, thesis, term paper, dissertation on Education or other discipline feel free to contact our professional custom writing service.

RICCI Surname Meaning and Family History

RICCI Surname Meaning and Family History Derived from the Italian adjective ricco, meaning curly, the Ricci surname  and its variations are a nickname for someone with curly hair. A patronymic or plural form of Riccio. Surname Origin:  Italian Alternate Surname Spellings:  RICCIO, RIZZI, RIZZO, RIZZA, RISSO, RICCELLI, RICCIARELLI, RICCETTI, RICCINI, RICCIOLI, RICCIOLINO, RICCIULLI, RICCIOTTI, RICCIONI, RICCIUTO, RICCERI, RICCITIELLO, RIZZELLO, RIZZIELLO RIZZETTI, RIZZETTO, RIZZINI, RIZZOLI, RIZZOLA, RIZZOTTI, RIZZONI, RIZZONE, RIZZARI, RIZZATO, RIZZIERI, RIZZUTI, RISSOLO   Famous People with the Surname RICCI Christina Ricci - American actressRuggiero Ricci - American violinist Genealogy Resources for the Surname RICCI Meanings of Common Italian SurnamesUncover the meaning of your Italian last name with this free guide to Italian surname meanings and origins for the most common Italian surnames. Ricci  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Ricci  family crest or coat of arms for the Ricci surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. RICCI  Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Ricci  ancestors around the world. Search the archives for messages related to your Ricci ancestors, or join the group and post your own query. FamilySearch - RICCI  GenealogyExplore over 680,000  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Ricci  surname and variations on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. RICCI  Surname Mailing ListThis free mailing list for researchers of the Ricci  surname and its variations offers subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages. DistantCousin.com - RICCI  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Ricci. GeneaNet - Ricci RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Ricci  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Ricci  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Ricci  surname from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to  Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Unit 6 Proposal Designs Blog Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 6 Proposal Designs Blog - Research Paper Example The main aim of the program is addressing unfit behaviors in the community and emphasizing on the important of fitness as well as helping in the reduction of obesity and other health related issues associated with sedimentary lifestyles (Karsh & Fox, 2009). Information should be included in a grand proposal that makes it more appealing and convincing to the funders. This includes provision of a good statement need. It provides a rationale and a background for the proposal. It should establish the importance and needs for the project. Objectives and goals of the grand proposal need to be included. The objectives should be measurable, attainable, specific, and time bound. The methodology and ways to implement the project should be convincing and possible. The methodology gives an insight of how the problems addressed are solved. The evaluating tools should be well outlined and analyzed. Funding agencies want their grants to produce a maximum impact. Thus, the proposal should disseminate methods of maximum utilization of funds with accountability (Kaplan,

Investment management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Investment management - Case Study Example Institute of Financial Services (IFS): Regulatory body for accreditation of fund managers Chartered Institute for Bankers (CIB) Financial Services Skills Council (FSSC): accredits competence of brokers, sales staff, and managers of financial services firms U.K.-based NGOs and lobby groups, such as Friends of the Earth, WWF, etc. Descendants of customers and shareholders Activist shareholder groups Local media Competitors (Schroders plc) Stock Exchanges: New York and Toronto International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS): EU-wide accounting standards International NGOs European Union (Brussels) and its Directorate in Finance Other national governments of countries where customers and shareholders live International media People and Communities affected by natural disasters Competitors (FMR, Merrill Lynch) The focus on these two stakeholders is evident from the opening statement of its CEO in the latest Interim Report (AVZ, 2006a, p.1): "AMVESCAP continues to make good progress in our efforts to become a premier global investment management organization for our clients and shareholders." This can be classified as its mission, whilst its vision is captured by the words that appear below its corporate logo: "Helping people worldwide build their financial security". Still under this first group but next to the two most important stakeholders are the employees whose classifications are clear-cut as to behavioural standards established by the company. The "External-National" stakeholders include those who do business with the company, such as suppliers and sub-contractors, public and private institutions that perform specific regulatory functions over AVZ, and all other groups that may have a direct or indirect influence over how...This means that we can divide AVZ stakeholders (Freeman, 1984) into three groups: "Internal", "External-National", and "External-International". The "Internal" stakeholders are those who work for or are employed by the company, from the lowest (say, a temp secretary) to the highest (Chairman and CEO). Included are the shareholders, or owners of shares of AVZ in the London, New York, and Toronto stock exchanges, and AVZ's customers. The focus on these two stakeholders is evident from the opening statement of its CEO in the latest Interim Report (AVZ, 2006a, p.1): "AMVESCAP continues to make good progress in our efforts to become a premier global investment management organization for our clients and shareholders." This can be classified as its mission, whilst its vision is captured by the words that appear below its corporate logo: "Helping people worldwide build their financial security". The "External-National" stakeholders include those who do business with the company, such as suppliers and sub-contractors, public and private institutions that perform specific regulatory functions over AVZ, and all other groups that may have a direct or indirect influence over how the company is run and managed (Williamson, 1996).